Japan’s New Defense Direction and Its Indo-Pacific Policy
The National Security Strategy and the two accompanying documents, released by the Japanese Government in December 2022, represent the country’s deepening strategic thinking and the resultant transformation of its defense policy in particular. As widely reported, the three documents place particular emphasis on a new plan to acquire “stand-off” missiles that will constitute a core element of Tokyo’s “deterrence by denial and cost-imposition” (Ken Jimbo) vis-à-vis Beijing, along with the enhanced resilience of Japanese bases, more robust intelligence, and other new capabilities. Tokyo aims to ensure that, even in the event of massive strikes by the massive arsenal of the People’s Liberation Army (PLA) (a nucleus of its anti-access/area-denial (A2/AD) strategy), surviving SDF units would remain capable of conducting their own strike operations to, for example, take down the PLA’s amphibious forces and even targets inside Chinese territory. Through these measures to deny any potential attempt by Beijing to alter the Japanese territorial status quo, the three documents declare that Japan will assume “the primary responsibility” for defending itself even against a far more powerful China.
India targets net-zero carbon emissions by 2070, says Modi
India’s economy will become carbon neutral by the year 2070, the country’s prime minster has announced at the COP26 climate crisis summit in Glasgow. The target date is two decades beyond what scientists say is needed to avert catastrophic climate impacts. India is the last of the world’s major carbon polluters to announce a net-zero target, with China saying it would reach that goal in 2060, and the United States and the European Union aiming for 2050.
COP26: What climate summit means for one woman in Bangladesh
China's carbon emissions are vast and growing, dwarfing those of other countries. Experts agree that without big reductions in China's emissions, the world cannot win the fight against climate change. In 2020, China's President Xi Jinping said his country would aim for its emissions to reach their highest point before 2030 and for carbon neutrality before 2060. His statement has now been confirmed as China's official position ahead of the COP26 global climate summit in Glasgow. But China has not said exactly how these goals will be achieved.
Why China's climate policy matters to us all
China's carbon emissions are vast and growing, dwarfing those of other countries. Experts agree that without big reductions in China's emissions, the world cannot win the fight against climate change. In 2020, China's President Xi Jinping said his country would aim for its emissions to reach their highest point before 2030 and for carbon neutrality before 2060. His statement has now been confirmed as China's official position ahead of the COP26 global climate summit in Glasgow. But China has not said exactly how these goals will be achieved.
Deliver on promises, developing world tells rich at climate talks
A crucial U.N. conference heard calls on its first day for the world's major economies to keep their promises of financial help to address the climate crisis, while big polluters India and Brazil made new commitments to cut emissions. World leaders, environmental experts and activists all pleaded for decisive action to halt the global warming which threatens the future of the planet at the start of the two-week COP26 summit in the Scottish city of Glasgow on Monday. The task facing negotiators was made even more daunting by the failure of the Group of 20 major industrial nations to agree ambitious new commitments at the weekend.